Circle of Willis anatomy
Introduction The Circle of Willis is a arterial anastomotic ring located at the base of the brain, which connects the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations. Plays a critical role in…
Brain Cross-Section at the Level of Basal Ganglia
1. Introduction The basal ganglia level is an important horizontal section of the brain seen on CT and MRI.It lies above the brainstem and below the centrum semiovale, at the…
Imaging in Septic Arthritis
✅ Introduction: Septic arthritis is a pyogenic infection of a joint, most commonly caused by hematogenous spread of bacteria.It is a medical emergency as it can rapidly destroy cartilage and…
Imaging in Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis
Introduction: Both osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic joint disorders, but their causes and imaging features differ: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative, non-inflammatory condition involving cartilage wear and tear.…
MRI in Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the Hip
Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis, is a condition where part of the bone (usually femoral head) dies due to loss of blood supply. Common in young adults Often…
Imaging of Stress Fractures
Introduction: Stress fractures are overuse injuries caused by repetitive submaximal stress on the bone, exceeding its ability to remodel. Commonly seen in athletes, military recruits, and individuals with altered biomechanics…
Imaging Approach to Shoulder Dislocation
Introduction: The shoulder joint is the most frequently dislocated joint in the body due to its wide range of motion and relatively shallow glenoid fossa. Dislocations may be anterior (most…
Imaging of Rotator Cuff Tears
Introduction: The rotator cuff comprises four muscles and their tendons that stabilize the shoulder and facilitate movement: Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis Tears may be partial or full-thickness, and imaging…
MRI in Meniscal Tears
Introduction: The menisci are C-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures in the knee that play a crucial role in shock absorption, load transmission, joint stability, and lubrication. MRI is the modality of choice…
MRI in Ligament Injuries (ACL/MCL)
Introduction: Knee ligament injuries are common in sports and trauma. MRI is the modality of choice for evaluating ligamentous injuries due to its excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capability.…